Psychological resilience is characterized as the ability to recover from stress, which is essential for sleep quality. However, the neurological underpinnings of psychological resilience and the neural substrates of the links between psychological resilience and sleep quality in healthy brains remain not well understood. To address these issues, we adopted the method of resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis in 144 young college students. The functional connectivity analysis indicated that psychological resilience was associated with the middle frontal gryus (MFG) functional connectivity, which mainly involved the right middle cingulum gyrus (rMCG), the right precentral gyrus (rPreCG), the left postcentral gyrus (lPoCG), and the left thalamus. Furthermore, mediation analysis suggested that psychological resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between MFG functional connectivity and sleep quality. Overall, the current study offered further evidence for the neurological underpinnings of psychological resilience and provided new insights into the relationship between psychological resilience and sleep quality from a neural basis perspective.
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