Neurochem Res
Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, and Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India.
Published: February 2023
Evidence shows that inflammatory responses may encompass the onset of severe depressive illness. Traditionally used licorice contains 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA), which has been demonstrated to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigates the antidepressant effects of 18βGA and the underlying mechanism in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Wistar rats were exposed to CUMS for 36 consecutive days to establish depression. 18βGA (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg) or fluoxetine was given once daily (from day 30 to day 36). Thereafter, behavior parameters (sucrose preference test, forced-swimming test, open-field test, body weight), pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), and liver biomarkers were studied. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses were conducted to investigate the protein's expression. 18βGA (20 and 50 mg/kg) treatment increased sucrose intake, locomotion in the open-field test, decreased immobility time in the forced swim test, and improved body weight in CUMS-exposed rats. The therapy of 18βGA dramatically declined cytokines, ACTH and CORT and improved 5HT and norepinephrine in CUMS rats. Furthermore, BDNF and TrkB proteins were down-regulated in CUMS group, which was increased to varying degrees by 18βGA at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Therefore, 18βGA ameliorates depressive-like behavior persuaded by chronic unpredictable mild stress, decreases neuroinflammation, liver biomarkers, stress hormones, and improves body weight, brain neurotransmitter concentration via activating on BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in both PFC and hippocampus in rats.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9616426 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03779-7 | DOI Listing |
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Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China. Electronic address:
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Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. Electronic address:
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Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
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