Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) exert potent antimicrobial activity through direct recognition of metabolite-MR1 complexes and indirect activation by inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, via licensing of antigen presenting cells, MAIT cells orchestrate humoral and cellular adaptive immunity. Our recent understanding of molecular mechanisms of MAIT cell activation, and of the signals required to differentiate them in polarised subsets, pave the way for harnessing their functionality through small molecules or adoptive cell therapy.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2022.101663 | DOI Listing |
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Integrating single-cell RNA and T cell/B cell receptor sequencing with mass cytometry reveals dynamic trajectories of human peripheral immune cells from birth to old age.
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Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
A comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the immune landscape in humans across the entire lifespan at single-cell transcriptional and protein levels, during development, maturation and senescence is currently lacking. We recruited a total of 220 healthy volunteers from the Shanghai Pudong Cohort (NCT05206643), spanning 13 age groups from 0 to over 90 years, and profiled their peripheral immune cells through single-cell RNA-sequencing coupled with single T cell and B cell receptor sequencing, high-throughput mass cytometry, bulk RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry validation experiments. We revealed that T cells were the most strongly affected by age and experienced the most intensive rewiring in cell-cell interactions during specific age.
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Annu Rev Immunol
January 2025
1Immunity and Cancer, INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France; email:
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved T cells that recognize microbial metabolites. They are abundant in humans and conserved during mammalian evolution, which suggests that they have important nonredundant functions. In this article, we discuss the evolutionary conservation of MAIT cells and describe their original developmental process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMAIT Cell-Mediated Immune Mechanisms of Dialysis-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis and Therapeutic Targeting.
J Am Soc Nephrol
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Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
Background: Peritoneal fibrosis is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and abdominal surgeries, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Given the known roles of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in immune responses and fibrotic diseases, we investigated their involvement in PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating but poorly-understood disease. ME/CFS symptoms can range from mild to severe, and include immune system effects alongside incapacitating fatigue and post-exertional disease exacerbation. In this study, we examined immunological profiles of people living with ME/CFS by flow cytometry, focusing on cytotoxic cells, to determine whether people with mild/moderate (n= 43) or severe ME/CFS (n=53) expressed different immunological markers.
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J Exp Med
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Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
Tobacco smoking is prevalent across the world and causes numerous diseases. Cigarette smoke (CS) compromises immunity, yet little is known of the components of CS that impact T cell function. MR1 is a ubiquitous molecule that presents bacterial metabolites to MAIT cells, which are highly abundant in the lungs.
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