Emergence of an Extensive Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain of Chicken Origin Carrying , (X6), and - on an Inc Plasmid.

This study reports an extensively drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA166-2 which was of chicken origin and carrying , (X6) and - on a single plasmid. The strain was characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, resistance gene screening, conjugation assay, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Strain PA166-2 was resistant to tigecycline and carbapenems. It belonged to ST313 and carried a plasmid pPA166-2-MDR, which belongs to the incompatibility group Inc. pPA166-2-MDR harbored a 78 Kb multidrug resistance (MDR) region carrying an array of antimicrobial resistance genes, including , (X6), and -. The gene was inserted into the backbone of plasmid pPA166-2-MDR within a class 1 integron, In. - in plasmid pPA166-2-MDR was inserted in , constituting the genetic context of IS-----△. The genetic context of (X6) in this plasmid was identical to that of other reported plasmid-borne (X) variants, namely, (X6)---IS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the cooccurrence of , (X6), and - in one plasmid in Pseudomonas sp. The emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance genes - and (X6), as well as carbapenemase genes from chickens expanded the global transmission of vital resistance genes. Findings from us and from others indicate that plasmids of the incompatibility group Inc may serve as a reservoir for carbapenem and tigecycline resistance determinants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections that are difficult to treat. This study reported, for the first time, the occurrence of last-resort antibiotic resistance determinants , (X6), and - on a single plasmid in P. aeruginosa from chickens. The P. aeruginosa strain belonged to ST313 and was resistant to last-line antibiotics, namely, carbapenems and tigecycline. The plasmid carrying the last-line resistance genes belonged to the incompatibility group Inc, which was reported to contain different profiles of accessory modules and thus carried diverse collections of resistance genes. The emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance genes - and (X6), as well as carbapenemase genes, from chickens expanded the global transmission of vital resistance genes. The results in this study highlighted that Inc plasmids may serve as a reservoir for the dissemination of resistance genes. Control measures should be implemented to prevent the further dissemination of such strains.