MR-guided brachytherapy offers a focal salvage treatment for the local recurrence in case of isolated locally recurrent prostate cancer in the prostate and/or seminal vesicles after primary radiotherapy. By focusing on only the local recurrence instead of the whole prostate, chances of additional toxicity of the bladder, urethra and rectum can be minimized. In almost all patients, the treatment leads to a good initial treatment response that persists in about half of patients, while others will develop progressive disease later on. For selecting suitable patients, factors such as preexistent urinary- and bowel complaints, localization and size of the recurrence, PSA doubling time and time between primary radiotherapy and development of the recurrence are relevant. MR-guided brachytherapy can provide a suitable salvage strategy, with the aims of deferring androgen deprivation therapy and a chance of cure.
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