Out-of-Plane Behavior of Masonry Prisms Retrofitted with Shape Memory Alloy Stripes: Numerical and Parametric Analysis.

This paper provides a novel Finite Element (FE) simulation to estimate the out-of-plane response of masonry prisms retrofitted with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) stripes. Empirical data were utilized to develop the computational analysis parameters (mechanical parameters for brick, mortar, and SMA materials) as well as the calibration of the computational FE-based models. For this purpose, a complete micro-modeling approach was applied, assuming perfect contact between mortar joints and brick units. A Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model was developed to define the constitutive relation between brick and mortar. SMA stripes were mortar-installed on the surface of the prisms with a perfect connection. The masonry prism's verified computational model was utilized to generate parametric research to explore the effect of varying SMA stripe thicknesses and different SMA usage (Ni-Ti or Cu-Zn-Al). The FE study findings indicated that, independent of their material type or thickness, using SMA stripes greatly minimizes brick prism deterioration. SMA stripes greatly decreased residual displacement and plastic strains. Parametric tests, however, revealed that employing Ni-Ti SMA and increasing its thickness is more effective with respect to the masonry prism out-of-plane response than Cu-Zn-Al SMA.