Many recent studies focus on the pulmonary delivery of vaccines as it is needle-free, safe, and effective. Inhaled vaccines enhance systemic and mucosal immunization but still faces many limitations that can be resolved using polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs). This review focuses on the use of properties of PNPs, specifically chitosan and PLGA to be used in the delivery of vaccines by inhalation. It also aims to highlight that PNPs have adjuvant properties by themselves that induce cellular and humeral immunogenicity. Further, different factors influence the behavior of PNP in vivo such as size, morphology, and charge are discussed. Finally, some of the primary challenges facing PNPs are reviewed including formulation instability, reproducibility, device-related factors, patient-related factors, and industrial-level scale-up. Herein, the most important variables of PNPs that shall be defined in any PNPs to be used for pulmonary delivery are defined. Further, this study focuses on the most popular polymers used for this purpose.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607145 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204450 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Reversible Nanocomposite by Programming Amorphous Polymer Conformation Under Nanoconfinement.
Adv Mater
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Nanoconfinements are utilized to program how polymers entangle and disentangle as chain clusters to engineer pseudo bonds with tunable strength, multivalency, and directionality. When amorphous polymers are grafted to nanoparticles that are one magnitude larger in size than individual polymers, programming grafted chain conformations can "synthesize" high-performance nanocomposites with moduli of ≈25GPa and a circular lifecycle without forming and/or breaking chemical bonds. These nanocomposites dissipate external stresses by disentangling and stretching grafted polymers up to ≈98% of their contour length, analogous to that of folded proteins; use both polymers and nanoparticles for load bearing; and exhibit a non-linear dependence on composition throughout the microscopic, nanoscopic, and single-particle levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInjury-on-a-chip for modelling microvascular trauma-induced coagulation.
Lab Chip
January 2025
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1840 Entrepreneur Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA.
Blood coagulation is a highly regulated injury response that features polymerization of fibrin fibers to prevent the passage of blood from a damaged vascular endothelium. A growing body of research seeks to monitor coagulation in microfluidic systems but fails to capture coagulation as a response to disruption of the vascular endothelium. Here we present a device that allows compression injury of a defined segment of a microfluidic vascular endothelium and the assessment of coagulation at the injury site.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers for mRNA Delivery.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol
January 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
mRNA delivery has emerged as a transformative approach in biotechnology and medicine, offering a versatile platform for the development of novel therapeutics. Unlike traditional small molecule drugs or protein-based biologics, mRNA therapeutics have the unique ability to direct cells to generate therapeutic proteins, allowing for precise modulation of biological processes. The delivery of mRNA into target cells is a critical step in realizing the therapeutic potential of this technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChitosan nano-formulation enhances stability and bactericidal activity of the lytic phage HK6.
BMC Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
Background: Successful treatment of pathogenic bacteria like Enterobacter Cloacae with bacteriophage (phage) counteract some hindrance such as phage stability and immunological clearance. Our research is focused on the encapsulation of phage HK6 within chitosan nanoparticles.
Result: Encapsulation significantly improves stability, efficacy, and delivery of phages.
In vitro and in vivo effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) on the functional activity of platelets were studied in experiments on white rats. MSN particles, neither uncoated nor coated with calcium alginate, induced spontaneous platelet aggregation when added to platelet-rich plasma, but significantly enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Subcutaneous administration of uncoated and calcium alginate-coated MSN resulted in increased maximum size and rate of platelet aggregate formation 1 day post-injection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!