Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
We have previously designed a phospholipid delivery system for chlorin e6 to increase the efficacy of photodynamic therapy involving a second-generation photosensitizer. Further research into the matter led to double modification of the obtained nanoparticles with ligands exhibiting targeting and cell-penetrating effects: an NGR-containing peptide and heptaarginine (R7), respectively. This study investigated the cell death pathway on HT-1080 tumor cells after treatment with the proposed compositions: the chlorin e6 phospholipid composition and the two-peptide chlorin e6 phospholipid composition. It was demonstrated that most of the cells died by apoptosis. Colocalization analysis of chlorin e6 in the phospholipid composition with two peptides showed mitochondria are one of the targets of the photosensitizer. An HT-1080 tumor-bearing mouse model was used to evaluate the biodistribution of the drug in tumor, liver, and kidney tissues after administration of the study compositions in comparison with free chlorin e6. The photosensitizer mostly accumulated in the tumor tissue of mice administered the phospholipid compositions, and accumulation was increased 2-fold with the peptide-containing composition and approximately 1.5-fold with the unenhanced composition, as compared with free chlorin e6. The enhancement of the chlorin e6 phospholipid composition with targeting and cell-penetrating peptides was found to be effective both in vitro and in vivo.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9610949 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102224 | DOI Listing |
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