Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are common in breast cancer (BC) patients and are particularly relevant as new treatments for BC are prolonging survival. Here, we review advances in the treatment of CNS metastases from BC, including radiotherapy, systemic therapies, and the evolving role of immunotherapy. The use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for CNS metastases. However, new targeted therapies have recently been developed, including anti-HER2 agents and antibody-drug conjugates that have presented promising results for the treatment of these patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012525 | DOI Listing |
Pract Radiat Oncol
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:
Lorlatinib is a central nervous system (CNS) penetrant third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the first line management of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement [1] which accounts for 3-5% of NSCLC cases [2]. The most commonly reported side effects include hyperlipidemia, edema, peripheral neuropathy and CNS effects [2]. While ocular side effects such as photopsia, blurred vision, vitreous floaters and diplopia have been documented with another ALK TKI, crizotinib, there are few reports of such effects with lorlatinib [3].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Oncol
December 2024
Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (TDXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate that has demonstrated impressive activity in randomized controlled clinical trials in the context of patients with HER2-amplified and HER2-low metastatic breast cancer. We aimed to review the activity and adverse event profile of TDXd in heavily pretreated breast cancer patients in real practice.
Methods: We describe a single-center retrospective case series of metastatic breast cancer patients who were treated with TDXd.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. While bone, liver, and lung metastases are well-documented, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, particularly spinal and meningeal metastases, is extremely rare. We present a 41-year-old male with nasal obstruction and diplopia, diagnosed with locally advanced NPC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Precis Oncol
January 2025
Department Of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University Of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Tumor dissemination to the central nervous system (CNS) is almost a rule in the treatment journey of advanced HER2+ breast cancer (BC). Recent results demonstrated high intracranial efficacy with Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd). However, a real-world evidence is lacking in literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Oncol
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214002, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211166, China. Electronic address:
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, 30-50 % of patients with advanced breast cancer develop brain metastasis, causing severe damage to their life quality. Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain lesions were recognized to be a unique microenvironment with limited infiltration of circulating immune cells and drugs. However, emerging studies reported the immunology of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) and indicated the potential of immunotherapy against brain metastases.
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