AI Article Synopsis
- The study looks at how smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol relate to feelings of depression in middle-aged and older Chinese men.
- Researchers found that smoking a little or a moderate amount was linked to more depressive symptoms, while smoking a lot didn’t seem to change those feelings much.
- For alcohol, drinking a little was also connected to higher depressive symptoms, but drinking a lot led to fewer depressive symptoms, which is a surprising finding.
Article Abstract
Background: Although association of depressive symptoms with cigarette or alcohol is well documented, the dose-response relationship between them is rarely studied. This study aims to evaluate dose-response relationships of cigarette and alcohol consumption with depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men, providing evidence to guide cigarette and alcohol control.
Methods: This multiple-center, cross-sectional study including 5965 Chinese men aged 40-79 years was conducted in 2013-2016 in China. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form. History of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were collected with a structured questionnaire. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was compared depending on cigarette and alcohol consumption. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by binary logistic regression. Interpolation analysis was applied to test dose-effect relationships.
Results: A parabolic-shaped relationship was observed between cigarette consumption and depressive symptoms. Compared to never smokers, 59.0% (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.30-1.94) and 29.0% (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.08-1.54) higher odds of depressive symptoms were observed in men smoking < 10 cigarettes/day and 10-20 cigarettes/day, whereas, similar odds of depressive symptoms among men smoking > 20 cigarettes/day (P = 0.092). An inverted J-shaped relationship was observed between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms. Compared to never drinkers, a tendency of higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.36) was observed in men drinking < 140 g/week, and similar prevalence was observed in those drinking 140-280 g/week (P = 0.920), whereas, 29.4% (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.88) lower odds in men drinking > 280 g/week.
Conclusions: Associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with depressive symptoms differ with consumption in middle-aged and elderly men. Health-care providers should exercise great caution on depressive symptoms in conducting cigarette and alcohol control.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9594935 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04316-0 | DOI Listing |
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