Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that has spread globally in the last twenty years. Although mortality is rather low, infection can result in debilitating arthralgia that can persist for years. Unfortunately, no treatments or preventive vaccines are currently licensed against CHIKV infections. However, a large range of promising preclinical and clinical vaccine candidates have been developed during recent years. This review will give an introduction into the biology of CHIKV and the immune responses that are induced by infection, and will summarize CHIKV vaccine development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S366112 | DOI Listing |
Indian J Clin Biochem
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203 India.
Liquid biopsy is gaining importance in oncology in the age of precision medicine. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), among other tumor-derived indicators, are isolated and analysed from bodily fluids. EVs are secreted by both healthy and cancerous cells and are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles that are diverse in size and molecular makeup.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
January 2025
Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is a highly contagious disease caused by the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), and it poses a serious threat to the poultry industry. However, effective control measures and strategies have not been identified. In this study, a recombinant Marek's disease virus (rMDV) expressing the VP1 and VP2 proteins of CIAV was successfully constructed using CRISPR/Cas9, and a commercial Marek's disease virus (MDV) vaccine strain was used as the vector.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res
January 2025
Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) presents significant economic challenges to the global pork industry due to its ability to mutate rapidly. The current commercial vaccines have limited effectiveness, and there are strict restrictions on the use of antiviral chemical drugs. Therefore, it is urgent to identify new strategies for preventing and controlling PRRSV infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Cell Fact
January 2025
Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), shed by Gram-negative bacteria, are spherical nanostructures that play a pivotal role in bacterial communication and host-pathogen interactions. Comprising an outer membrane envelope and encapsulating a variety of bioactive molecules from their progenitor bacteria, OMVs facilitate material and informational exchange. This review delves into the recent advancements in OMV research, providing a comprehensive overview of their structure, biogenesis, and mechanisms of vesicle formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Vaccines
January 2025
Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
The primary immunological readout for clinical trials of R21/MatrixM™ malaria vaccine, is total IgG antibody specific to the central four amino acid NANP repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein. A multiplexed assay, which includes NANP, was developed and validated for four antigens representing components of the R21 immunogen. Initial assay optimisation included validation of the HBsAg international standard.
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