The use of contaminated water by bacteria may cause many diseases, and thus clean water is needed. Chlorine is normally used for the disinfection of wastewater treatment; however, it produces unwanted odors. Using extracted () is an interesting choice because it is a good chemical compound for bacterial inhibitions. This study attempted to extract leaf and synthesize beads (PBB) to characterize materials and investigate antibacterial efficiencies by disc diffusion assay, batch tests, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and material reusability. The results demonstrated the successful extraction and synthesis of the materials of . powder (PBP) had porous and rough surfaces, whereas PBB had a spherical shape with a coarse surface. The four main chemical elements and functional groups of PBP and PBB were carbon, oxygen, calcium, chlorine, and O-H, C-H, N-H, C-O, respectively. The extraction yield and total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of were 11.30%, 201.55 ± 0.31 mg GAE per g, 56.86 ± 0.14 mg RE per g, and 41.76 ± 1.32 mg CE per g, respectively. The six main compounds of eugenol, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, ascorbic acid, and hydroxychavicol were detected by HPLC analysis. The results of the disc diffusion assay confirmed antibacterial efficiencies of PBB, and the batch tests examined high antibacterial efficiencies of PBB for 100% on and . The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of PBB corresponded to Freundlich model and pseudo-second order kinetic model, and the desorption experiments confirmed the reusability of PBB Therefore, PBB can be possibly applied for an antibacterial purpose in wastewater treatment systems.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9480620 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04611c | DOI Listing |
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