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DOCK proteins are a family of multi-domain guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate the RHO GTPases CDC42 and RAC1, thereby regulating several RHO GTPase-dependent cellular processes. DOCK proteins are characterized by the catalytic DHR2 domain (DOCK ), and a phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)P -binding DHR1 domain (DOCK ) that targets DOCK proteins to plasma membranes. DOCK-family GEFs are divided into four subfamilies (A to D) differing in their specificities for CDC42 and RAC1, and the composition of accessory signalling domains. Additionally, the DOCK-A and DOCK-B subfamilies are constitutively associated with ELMO proteins that auto-inhibit DOCK GEF activity. We review structural studies that have provided mechanistic insights into DOCK-protein functions. These studies revealed how a conserved nucleotide sensor in DOCK catalyses nucleotide exchange, the basis for how different DOCK proteins activate specifically CDC42 and RAC1, and sometimes both, and how up-stream regulators relieve the ELMO-mediated auto-inhibition. We conclude by presenting a model for full-length DOCK9 of the DOCK-D subfamily. The involvement of DOCK GEFs in a range of diseases highlights the importance of gaining structural insights into these proteins to better understand and specifically target them.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14523 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
December 2024
Department of Public Health, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant forms of cancer with the lowest survival ratio. Our study aims to utilize an integrated bioinformatic analysis to identify hub genes against GBM and explore the active phytochemicals with drug-like properties in treating GBM. The study employed databases of DisGenet, GeneCards, and Gene Expression Omnibus to retrieve GBM-associated genes, revealing 142 overlapping genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Inf Model
December 2024
Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China.
Three-dimensional (3D) molecular generation models employ deep neural networks to simultaneously generate both topological representation and molecular conformations. Due to their advantages in utilizing the structural and interaction information on targets, as well as their reduced reliance on existing bioactivity data, these models have attracted widespread attention. However, limited training and testing data sets and the unexpected biases inherent in single evaluation metrics pose a significant challenge in comparing these models in practical settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Complement Integr Med
December 2024
Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Background: Wound healing is a complex biological process involving numerous cellular and molecular events. and flowers have been traditionally used for their medicinal properties, prompting an investigation into their combined effects on wound healing using both and in silico approaches.
Methods: and flowers were processed in a 1:1 ratio using an ethanolic solvent.
J Biomol Struct Dyn
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M D University, Rohtak, India.
Sun persuades excess ROS production in the skin, altering pro-inflammatory factors and cellular responses, thereby contributing to the progression of skin disorders and skin cancer. In this study, the non-animal, and methods have been employed to interpret the potential of bioactive mangiferin against skin inflammation and skin cancer. In the approach, auto blind docking tool CB Dock 2 was utilized to assess and compare the efficacy of mangiferin against some conventional drugs like aspirin, diclofenac, betamethasone for inflammation and with 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, doxorubicin, imiquimod, paclitaxel, sonidegib, vincristine and vismodegib for skin cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Rep
December 2024
Department of Human Anatomy, Arthur Jarvis University, Nigeria.
Doxorubicin, as an antibiotic causes toxicity in human tissues through the generation of oxidant species; however, (Solanaceae) is ethnopharmacologically and scientifically reported to possess antidotal activities. This study was designed to validate the antidotal potency of the plant's bioactive compounds on rats' testes following induction with doxorubicin through the evaluation of oxidative stress markers, lipid peroxidation indices, testes' histological sections, and profiling of the plant's bioactive compounds against some proteins. The collection and preparation of the plant extract, testicular toxicity induction, seminal analysis, assay of testosterone and oxidative stress markers, lipid peroxidation profiling, histomorphological studies, retrieval of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase from PDB, GC-MS, ADME, and docking analyses followed standard protocols.
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