Removal of Penicillin G from aqueous medium by PPI@SBA-15/ZIF-8 super adsorbent: Adsorption isotherm, thermodynamic, and kinetic studies.

In the present paper, synthesis of SBA-15 nanoparticles was carried out from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) precursor using the sol-gel process. After being combined with Poly propylene imine, and ZIF-8 they were employed for the removal of Penicillin G. The synthesized combination morphology was assessed using nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The parameters affecting Penicillin G removal, including pH, amount of adsorbent, time of contact, temperature, and concentration, were optimized, and the optimum levels of the mentioned variables were reported to be pH = 3, 0.03 g, 90 min, 25 °C, and 100 ppm, respectively. In addition, application of Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevhch, and Tempkin models and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption synthetic equations aimed at determining the type of adsorbent isotherm. The results showed that the best fitting of Langmuir (R = 0.9944, q = 400 mg/g) for adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order model (R = 0.9905) for kinetics studies. Furthermore, data of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy demonstrated an exothermic and spontaneous process in the research.