Design and Synthesis of Phenyl Sulfide-Based Cationic Amphiphiles as Membrane-Targeting Antimicrobial Agents against Gram-Positive Pathogens.

Due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and the lack of new antibacterial agents, it has become urgent to discover and develop new antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as the first line of defense for the host. In this work, we have designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated a series of phenyl sulfide derivatives by biomimicking the structural features and biological functions of AMPs. Among these derivatives, the most promising compound exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentrations = 0.39-1.56 μg/mL), low hemolytic activity (HC > 200 μg/mL), and high membrane selectivity. In addition, can rapidly kill Gram-positive bacteria within 0.5 h through membrane-targeting action and avoid antibiotic resistance. More importantly, showed high in vivo efficacy against in a murine corneal infection model. Therefore, has great potential as a lead compound for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.