Contingency judgement is an ability to detect relationships between events and is crucial in the allocation of attentional resources for reasoning, categorization, and decision making to control behaviour in our environment. Research has suggested that the allocation of attention is sensitive to the frequency of contingency information whether it constitutes a negative, zero or positive relationship. The aim of the present study was to explore the functional neuroanatomical correlates of contingency judgement with different frequencies and whether these are distinct from each other or whether they rely on a common mechanism. Using three contingency tasks within a streaming paradigm (one each for negative, zero, and positive contingency frequencies), we assessed brain activity by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 20 participants. Contingency frequency was manipulated between blocks which allowed us to determine the neural correlates of each of the three contingency tasks as well as the common areas of activation. The conjunction of task activation showed activity in left parietal cortices (BA 23, 40) and superior temporal gyrus (BA42). Further, the interaction analysis revealed distinct areas that mainly involve lateral (BA 45) and medial (BA 9) prefrontal cortices in the judgment of negative contingencies compared with positive and zero contingencies. We interpret the finding as evidence that the shared regions may be involved in coding, integration, and updating of associative relations and distinct regions may be involved in the investment of attentional resources to varied degrees in the computation of contingencies to make a judgment.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136915 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Critical factors influencing cost estimators' judgements on cost contingencies in highway construction projects: An empirical study in the UK.
PLoS One
December 2024
Department of Construction Management, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
Unforeseen additional costs are major sources of cost overruns for the UK's highway projects. General contractors normally allocate cost contingencies in their tender prices to cover these costs, primarily based on the judgements of their cost estimators. However, cost contingencies allocated to the same risk by different cost estimators can vary significantly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Neuronal Hypofunction of Subdivisions of the Prefrontal Cortex Shows Differential Effects on Contingency Judgment Learning to Gauge Fear Responses.
Neurosci Insights
December 2024
Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, USA.
Previous studies have indicated that the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) serve as critical modulators of fear suppression and expression. Although significant research has been conducted on the extinction of conditioned fear, the mechanisms underlying contextual fear discrimination learning, a form of contingency judgment learning, remain inadequately understood. Our investigation aimed to explore the influence of epigenetic regulation associated with cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-dependent long-term memory encoding within the IL and PL on contextual fear discrimination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndividual differences in the evolution of causal illusions.
Br J Psychol
December 2024
Grup de Recerca en Cognició i Llenguatge (GRECIL), Departament de Cognició, Desenvolupament i Psicologia de la Educació, Secció de Processos Cognitius, Institut de Neurociències (INUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
In this research, we investigated individual differences in the formation and persistence of causal illusions. In a re-analysis of existing data, we identified two clusters of participants - persistent and adjusting - based on their trajectories in learning from repeated exposure to null contingencies. The persistent cluster maintained stable causal illusions, while the adjusting cluster demonstrated a reduction over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn the interchangeability of presentation order for cause and effect: Experimental tests of cue and outcome-density effects.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove)
December 2024
Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
Studies of cue-outcome contingency learning demonstrate outcome-density effects: participants typically overestimate contingencies when the outcome event is relatively frequent. Equivalent cue-density effects occur, although these have been examined less often. Few studies have simultaneously examined both event density effects or have manipulated the presentation order of the events, limiting knowledge of whether these phenomena share underlying principles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrefrontal multistimulus integration within a dedicated disambiguation circuit guides interleaving contingency judgment learning.
Cell Rep
November 2024
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Electronic address:
Understanding how cortical network dynamics support learning is a challenge. This study investigates the role of local neural mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex during contingency judgment learning (CJL). To better understand brain network mechanisms underlying CJL, we introduce ambiguity into associative learning after fear acquisition, inducing a generalized fear response to an ambiguous stimulus sharing nontrivial similarities with the conditioned stimulus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!