Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Ultrasound remains a mainstay in proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) evaluation. Despite recent improvements facilitating earlier diagnosis/treatment, needs exist for (1) characterization of normal ultrasonographic PSL cross-sectional area (CSA) in specific breeds/disciplines, (2) improved detection of early/subtle changes in the PSL, and (3) an understanding of suspensory ligament (SL) morphology change from work-related stress. The objectives of this study were to establish normal PSL CSA in Quarter Horses (QH) used for cutting via angle contrast ultrasonography, ultrasonographically monitor SL morphology as horses progress through training, and assess the impact of PSL disease on performance (Lifetime Earnings - $LTE). One hundred ten 2-year-old cutting horses had PSL ultrasound examination on all limbs, and examinations were repeated 2 years later on 51 remaining horses. PSL CSA at select locations was compared between time points and entire examinations subjectively graded by an equine radiologist. $LTE was obtained from the National Cutting Horse Association for each horse and analyzed by abnormality number, location, and development over time. A total of 267 PSL ultrasound examinations across both times points were measured and graded. Normal CSA was established by zone for forelimbs and hindlimbs. The prevalence of abnormal limbs increased between the 2-year-old and 4-year-old years, forelimb abnormalities were statistically more prevalent than hindlimb abnormalities at both time points, and osseous attachment abnormalities were statistically more prevalent than ligament abnormalities at both times points. No significant differences in PSL CSA change over time were seen in any group and there was no significant difference in $LTE among or between groups.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104139 | DOI Listing |
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