The formation of extraembryonic membranes (EEMs) contributes to the proper development of many animals. In arthropods, the formation and function of EEMs have been studied best in insects. Regarding the development of extraembryonic tissue in chelicerates (spiders and relatives), most information is available for spiders (Araneae). Especially two populations of cells have been considered to represent EEMs in spiders. The first of these potential EEMs develops shortly after egg deposition, opposite to a radially symmetrical germ disc that forms in one hemisphere of the egg and encloses the yolk. The second tissue, which has been described as being extraembryonic is the so-called dorsal field, which is required to cover the dorsal part of the developing spider germ rudiment before proper dorsal closure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the formation of potential extraembryonic structures in the Chelicerata. We describe the early embryogenesis of spiders and other chelicerates, with a special focus on the formation of the potential extraembryonic tissues. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0269 | DOI Listing |
Development
January 2025
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
In chick embryos prior to primitive streak formation, the outermost extraembryonic region, known as the area opaca (AO), was generally thought to act only by providing nutrients and mechanical support to the embryo. Just internal to the AO is a ring of epiblast called the marginal zone (MZ), separating the former from the inner, area pellucida epiblast. The MZ does not contribute cells to any part of the embryo but is involved in determining the position of primitive streak formation from the adjacent area pellucida epiblast.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife Sci Alliance
March 2025
https://ror.org/05f950310 Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Mammalian pre-implantation development is entirely devoted to the specification of extra-embryonic lineages, which are fundamental for embryo morphogenesis and support. The second fate decision is taken just before implantation, as defined by the epiblast (EPI) and the primitive endoderm (PE) specification. Later, EPI forms the embryo proper and PE contributes to the formation of the yolk sac.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfr J Reprod Health
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Changshu 215500, Jiang Su,China.
The study was designed to appraise the effects of early antibiotic administration on reproductive tract infections and fetal membrane cell scorching in instances of premature rupture of membranes (PROM). A total of 107 pregnant women diagnosed with PROM between July 2020 and June 2022 were randomly assigned to two groups: the Intervention (n=54), where ampicillin were administered within 24 hours of PROM onset, and the control group (n=53), where ampicillin were given 24-48 hours after PROM. Maternal and neonatal outcomes, incidence of reproductive tract infections, and fetal membrane cell scorching indicators (Caspase-1, Caspase -3, Caspase-9 and IL-β) were compared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Anat
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:
Background: Erythroid cells contribute to embryonic organ development and adult tissue repair supplying oxygen to tissues. During mouse development, the primitive erythroid cells produced in the extraembryonic blood islands of the yolk sac begin to circulate as immature and nucleated erythroblasts with the onset of cardiac contractions around embryonic day 9.5 (E9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Biol
December 2024
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address:
Before radial symmetry-breaking of the blastoderm, the chick embryo is distinctly divided into a central area pellucida and a surrounding region, the area opaca. In this review, we focus on the area opaca and its functions. First, we survey current knowledge about how the area opaca is formed during the intrauterine period and how it sets up its initial tissue structure.
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