A novel iron-catalyzed borylation of propargylic acetates leading to allenylboronates has been developed. The method allows the preparation of a variety of di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted allenylboronates at room temperature with good functional group compatibility. Stereochemical studies show that an anti-S 2' displacement of acetate by boron occurs; this also allows transfer of chirality to yield enantiomerically enriched allenylboronates. The synthetic utility of this protocol was further substantiated by transformations of the obtained allenylboronates including oxidation and propargylation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202203130 | DOI Listing |
Org Lett
December 2024
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
Simple aryl chlorides represent challenging substrates in iron-catalyzed borylation. A combination of Li[B(Bu)pin-Bpin] as the borylating reagent and a catalyst formed in situ from iron(II) triflate and the commercially available N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, IMes, gives significantly improved activity and a much broader scope than previously reported iron-based catalysts. Iron triflate is also a good precatalyst for the borylation of aryl triflates─a previously unreported transformation─and in these cases the IMes ligand is not required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Catal
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
The synthesis and application of aryl-substituted pyridine(diimine) iron complexes (PDI)FeCH to the catalytic borylation of heteroarenes under thermal conditions is described. Improvements in catalyst design and performance were guided by precatalyst activation studies, where investigations into stoichiometric reactivities of iron borohydride (4- Bu- PDI)Fe(HBPin) and iron furyl (4- Bu- PDI)Fe(2-methylfuryl) complexes revealed facile C(sp)-H activation and a slower and potentially turnover-limiting C(sp)-B formation step. Formation of the flyover dimer, [(4- Bu- PDI)Fe] was identified as a catalyst deactivation pathway and formally iron(0) complexes were found to be inactive for borylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
February 2024
Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes can overcome the strong bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of inert C(sp)-H bonds and thereby convert feedstock alkanes into value-added fine chemicals. Nevertheless, the high reactivity of HAT reagents, coupled with the small differences among various C(sp)-H bond strengths, renders site-selective transformations of straight-chain alkanes a great challenge. Here, we present a photocatalytic intermolecular radical sampling process for the iron-catalyzed borylation of terminal C(sp)-H bonds in substrates with small steric hindrance, including unbranched alkanes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
November 2023
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Despite recent interest in the development of iron-catalyzed transformations, methods that use iron-based catalysts capable of controlling the enantioselectivity in carbon-carbon cross-couplings are underdeveloped. Herein, we report a practical and simple protocol that uses commercially available and expensive iron salts in combination with chiral bisphosphine ligands to enable the regio- and enantioselective (up to 91:9) multicomponent cross-coupling of vinyl boronates, (fluoro)alkyl halides, and Grignard reagents. Preliminary mechanistic studies are consistent with rapid formation of an α-boryl radical followed by radical addition to monoaryl bisphosphine-Fe(II) and subsequent enantioselective inner-sphere reductive elimination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
April 2023
State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Catalytic C(sp)-H functionalization has provided enormous opportunities to construct organic molecules, facilitating the derivatization of complex pharmaceutical compounds. Within this framework, direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalysis becomes an appealing approach to this goal. However, the viable substrates utilized in these protocols are limited, and the site selectivity shows preference to activated and thermodynamically favored C(sp)-H bonds.
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