Poynting flux (PF) calculated from low Earth orbit spacecraft in situ ion drift and magnetic field measurements is an important measure of energy exchange between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft provide an extensive back-catalog of ion drift and magnetic perturbation measurements, from which quasi-steady PF could be calculated. However, since DMSP are operations-focused spacecraft, data must be carefully preprocessed for research use. We describe an automated approach for calculating earthward PF focusing on pre-processing and quality control. We produce a PF data set using nine satellite-years of DMSP F15, F16, and F18 observations. To validate our process we inter-compare PF from different spacecraft using more than 2,000 magnetic conjunction events. We find no serious systematic differences. We further describe and apply an equal-area binning technique to obtain average spatial patterns of PF, magnetic perturbation, electric field and ion drift velocity. We perform our analysis using all components of electric and magnetic field and comment on the adverse consequences of the typical single-electric-field-component DMSP PF approximation on inter-spacecraft agreement. Including full-field components significantly increases the relative strength of near-cusp PF and increases the integrated high-latitude PF by ∼25%.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030299 | DOI Listing |
Chem Rev
December 2024
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.
Conventional artificial intelligence (AI) systems are facing bottlenecks due to the fundamental mismatches between AI models, which rely on parallel, in-memory, and dynamic computation, and traditional transistors, which have been designed and optimized for sequential logic operations. This calls for the development of novel computing units beyond transistors. Inspired by the high efficiency and adaptability of biological neural networks, computing systems mimicking the capabilities of biological structures are gaining more attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosensors (Basel)
December 2024
Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China.
The demand for non-invasive, real-time health monitoring has driven advancements in wearable sensors for tracking biomarkers in sweat. Ammonium ions (NH) in sweat serve as indicators of metabolic function, muscle fatigue, and kidney health. Although current ion-selective all-solid-state printed sensors based on nanocomposites typically exhibit good sensitivity (~50 mV/log [NH]), low detection limits (LOD ranging from 10 to 10 M), and wide linearity ranges (from 10 to 10 M), few have reported the stability test results necessary for their integration into commercial products for future practical applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnergy Environ Sci
December 2024
Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory Oxford OX1 3PU UK
It is widely accepted that mobile ions are responsible for the slow electronic responses observed in metal halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, and strongly influence long-term operational stability. Electrical characterisation methods mostly observe complex indirect effects of ions on bulk/interface recombination, struggle to quantify the ion density and mobility, and are typically not able to fully quantify the influence of the ions upon the bulk and interfacial electric fields. We analyse the bias-assisted charge extraction (BACE) method for the case of a screened bulk electric field, and introduce a new characterisation method based on BACE, termed ion drift BACE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Energy Lett
December 2024
AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The migration of mobile ions through the metal halide perovskite layer is still one of the main reasons for the poor stability of perovskite solar cells, LEDs, and photodetectors. To characterize mobile ions in the perovskite layer, time- and frequency-based electrical measurements are promising techniques. However, the presence of transport layers complicates their interpretation, limiting the information about mobile ions that can be extracted, and it is not clear how different features in frequency- and time-domain measurements relate to mobile ions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
December 2024
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address:
The application of carbon soot as a solid-contact layer in potentiometric sensor is presented. The preparation method of carbon layer from the candle is inexpensive and as short as 10 s and was optimized and described in the scope of this paper. With the use of the proposed procedure, it is possible to cover not only the glassy carbon disc electrodes, but all surfaces of various shapes and types, like foil or paper.
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