Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas are the most common adult, malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in patients younger than 50, constituting an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis and biology of these tumors, sparking multiple efforts to improve their diagnosis and treatment. In this consensus review from the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), the current diagnosis and management of IDH-mutant gliomas will be discussed. In addition, novel therapies, such as targeted molecular therapies and immunotherapies, will be reviewed. Current challenges and future directions for research will be discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac207 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous tumors, mostly incurable, arising in the central nervous system (CNS) driven by genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic aberrations. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) enzymes are predominantly found in low-grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas, with IDH1 mutations being more prevalent. Mutant-IDH1/2 confers a gain-of-function activity that favors the conversion of a-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), resulting in an aberrant hypermethylation phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAJNR Am J Neuroradiol
January 2025
From the Department of Radiology (GMC, MM, YN, BJE), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (PAD, MLK, JEEP), Department of Neurology (CBM, JAS, MWR, FSG, HKP, DHL, WOT), Department of Neurosurgery (TCB), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (RBJ), and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology (WOT), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Dell Medical School (MFE), University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
Background And Purpose: Diagnosis of tumefactive demyelination can be challenging. The diagnosis of indeterminate brain lesions on MRI often requires tissue confirmation via brain biopsy. Noninvasive methods for accurate diagnosis of tumor and non-tumor etiologies allows for tailored therapy, optimal tumor control, and a reduced risk of iatrogenic morbidity and mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China. Electronic address:
Ammonia can cause cells to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the oxidative stress of cells. As the main intracellular reductant, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) plays a crucial role in maintaining reduced glutathione (GSH), helping to remove ROS and protect cells from oxidative damage. Our study demonstrated that SIRT5 desuccinylated isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) to enhance its activity, resulting in increased NADPH production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Carcinog
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, The People's Republic of China.
RNF7 (Ring Finger Protein 7) is a key component of CRLs (Cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases) and has been found to possess intrinsic anti-ROS capabilities. Aberrant expression of RNF7 has been observed in various tumor types and is known to significantly influence tumor initiation and progression. However, the specific role of RNF7 in glioblastoma remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Magn Reson Imaging
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India.
Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type (IDH) glioblastomas (GB) are more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis than IDH mutant (IDH) tumors, emphasizing the need for accurate preoperative differentiation. However, a distinct imaging biomarker for differentiation mostly lacking. Intratumoral thrombosis has been reported as a histopathological biomarker for GB.
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