, , and Wound Healing Activity of Willd.

Methods: The methanolic root extract was prepared by maceration, and flavonoids were evaluated by LC/MS. examination was performed based on the LC/MS results, and the binding affinity of these compounds to estrogen receptors (ERs) and was evaluated. Wound healing evaluation in both (NHDF cell line, by 500 g/ml concentration of the extract, 24 h) and (Wistar rat, topical daily treated with 1.5% of the extract ointment, 21 days) conditions in comparison to control groups was conducted. Rats' control groups included silver sulfadiazine, Vaseline, and the nontreated groups.

Results: Eleven flavonoids were detected using LC/MS. The study showed that formononetin, kaempferol-based structures, quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, and calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside had a high affinity (<-6.3) to ERs and . Wound closing measurement showed significant improvement in the group treated with the extract in both and assays compared to the control groups. Histopathological results confirmed these findings; inflammation factors decreased, and fibroblast proliferation, fibrosis, and epithelization increased, especially in the extract group.

Conclusion: This study shows that has wound healing activity and with low toxicity due to the presence of flavonoids, especially isoflavonoids, which show a high affinity to bind to ERs and in the skin tissue.