D121 Located within the DRY Motif of P2Y12 Is Essential for P2Y12-Mediated Platelet Function.

Platelets are anucleate cells that mediate hemostasis. This occurs via a primary signal that is reinforced by secreted products such as ADP that bind purinergic receptors (P2Y1 and P2Y12) on the platelet surface. We recently identified a human subject, whom we termed platelet defect subject 25 (PDS25) with a platelet functional disorder associated with the P2Y12 receptor. PDS25 has normal blood cell counts and no history of bleeding diathesis. However, platelets from PDS25 have virtually no response to 2-MeSADP (a stable analogue of ADP). Genetic analysis of P2Y12 from PDS25 revealed a heterozygous mutation of D121N within the DRY motif. Rap1b activity was reduced in platelets from PDS25, while VASP phosphorylation was enhanced, suggesting that signaling from the P2Y12 receptor was interrupted by the heterozygous mutation. To explore this further, we produced knock-in mice that mimic our subject. Bleeding failed to cease in homozygous KI mice during tail bleeding assays, while tail bleeding times did not differ between WT and heterozygous KI mice. Furthermore, occlusions failed to form in most homozygous KI mice following carotid artery injury via FeCl. These data indicate that the aspartic acid residue found in the DRY motif of P2Y12 is essential for P2Y12 function.