Metabolic Engineering for the Comprehensive Utilization of ,-Dimethylformamide-Containing Wastewater.

, -dimethylformamide is frequently present in industrial wastewater and is environmentally detrimental. The current study aims to assess the utilization and biodegradation of , -dimethylformamide-containing wastewater to lessen the associated environmental load. Results show that addition of wastewater containing , -dimethylformamide to fermentation media enhances cellulase production and facilitates cellulose hydrolysis. However, , -dimethylformamide is a cellulase enhancer that is not degraded during cellulase production in fermentation and is retained in the , -dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulase solution. Indeed, the cellulosic sugar solution generated via lignocellulose hydrolysis with , -dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulase retains , -dimethylformamide. We further identified three core enzyme modules─, -dimethylformamidase, dimethylamine dehydrogenase, and methylamine dehydrogenase enzyme─which were inserted into to develop metabolically engineered strains. These strains degraded , -dimethylformamide and produced succinate using , -dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulosic sugar as the substrate. The platform described here can be applied to effectively convert waste into valuable bioproducts.