Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide. The pathological development of ASCVD begins with atherosclerosis, followed by the narrowing and occlusion of the vascular lumen and, subsequently, ischemic necrosis in coronary arteries. Preventing atherosclerosis development and delaying ischemia progression may be effective ways of pre-diagnosing and treating ASCVD. Studies have demonstrated that exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells play an increasingly important role in basic research on cardiovascular diseases in terms of the impact of macrophage polarization and the endothelial, anti-apoptosis, and angiogenesis effects. The related microRNAs play a significant role in ASCVD. This study was novel in reviewing the role of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells and related microRNAs in ASCVD. Therapeutic potentials of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in terms of their impact on macrophage polarization, endothelial effect, anti-apoptosis intervention, and angiogenesis.
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