Negative dispersion of a form birefringence in subwavelength gratings.

An achromatic response is required in most optical systems for wideband and straightforward configurations. The chromatic response of the optical system depends on the optical dispersion of the elements in the system. Here we study the dispersion of subwavelength grating (SWG) known to have a form birefringence. The birefringence of SWG was numerically analyzed with Bloch wave analysis (BWA) and finite element method (FEM). The sandwiched SWG with two identical substrates was studied for practical applications. We successfully demonstrated the negative dispersion form birefringence of SWG with an optimal duty cycle. This extraordinary dispersion was also shown considering the intrinsic dispersion of materials. Dispersion- and the angular response were in a tradeoff relationship while they depended on periodicity. The optical interference between the grating and the substrates can be eliminated by controlling the duty cycle. Our analysis offers optimal SWG with achromatic birefringence and high transparency, promising in the widespread applications of polarization control devices.