AI Article Synopsis
- Animal influenza viruses, specifically the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1), are a growing public health concern due to their ability to infect humans and their widespread presence in pigs across Europe and China.
- A large-scale study collected nasal swabs from over 103,000 pigs in China, isolating 855 EA H1N1 viruses and revealing eight different genotypes through genetic reassortment, with two (G4 and G5) being notably prevalent.
- Research found that some EA H1N1 strains are highly pathogenic and transmissible in animal models, while many exhibit poor resistance to current human vaccines, highlighting their potential to evade immunity and pose a pandemic threat.
Article Abstract
Animal influenza viruses continue to pose a threat to human public health. The Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) viruses are widespread in pigs throughout Europe and China and have caused human infections in several countries, indicating their pandemic potential. To carefully monitor the evolution of the EA H1N1 viruses in nature, we collected nasal swabs from 103,110 pigs in 22 provinces in China between October 2013 and December 2019, and isolated 855 EA H1N1 viruses. Genomic analysis of 319 representative viruses revealed that these EA H1N1 viruses formed eight different genotypes through reassortment with viruses of other lineages circulating in humans and pigs, and two of these genotypes (G4 and G5) were widely distributed in pigs. Animal studies indicated that some strains have become highly pathogenic in mice and highly transmissible in ferrets via respiratory droplets. Moreover, two-thirds of the EA H1N1 viruses reacted poorly with ferret serum antibodies induced by the currently used H1N1 human influenza vaccine, suggesting that existing immunity may not prevent the transmission of the EA H1N1 viruses in humans. Our study reveals the evolution and pandemic potential of EA H1N1 viruses and provides important insights for future pandemic preparedness.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-022-2208-0 | DOI Listing |
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