Temporal statistics of irradiance fluctuations in an underwater turbulent medium.

Expressions for the temporal covariance function and temporal frequency spectrum for a plane wave propagation in an underwater turbulent medium are developed analytically. Temporal correlation in moving natural water is presented, which is shown to be dependent upon the moving velocity, the delay between two instants of time, propagation distance, average temperature, and average salinity concentration. Coherence time and zero crossing time also are calculated. The results show that the velocity of the moving natural water has a significant impact on the temporal correlation of irradiance fluctuations. Additionally, the propagation distance, average temperature, average salinity concentration, and temperature-salinity gradient ratio also impact the temporal correlation up to a certain level.