People remember more task-relevant information than task-irrelevant information, and this difference can be conceptualised as memory selectivity. Selectively attending and remembering relevant information is a key ability for goal-directed behaviour and is thus critical for leading an autonomous life. In the present study, we tested the influence of cognitive load on memory selectivity. Specifically, we investigated the effects of task switching, stimulus presentation duration, and preparation time during incidental learning in five experiments ( = 351). For the study phase, we used two established task switching paradigms (cued and alternating runs). Participants were presented with picture-word pairs on which they performed one of two classification tasks. Depending on the task, participants had to attend to the picture or to the word. In a subsequent surprise recognition test, we assessed how well they remembered the targets and distractors. After 1 day or 1 week, a second recognition test assessed the longevity of the effects. Results showed that task switches (vs task repetitions), short (vs until response) stimulus duration, and short (vs long) preparation time reduced memory selectivity. The effect of preparation time was significant only in cued task switching but not in the alternating runs paradigm, highlighting the importance of advance cues for preparation effects on memory. With longer retention intervals, the effects washed out. In conclusion, higher cognitive load leads to lower selective attention and, consequently, to lower memory selectivity. The present study provides links between theories of attention, cognitive control, and memory.
This paper develops a method for cancer classification from microRNA data using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model optimized by genetic algorithm. The convolutional neural network has performed well in various recognition and perception tasks. This paper contributes to the cancer classification using a union of two CNNs.
XP-endo files are composed of Max-Wire alloy, which was developed by FKG Dentaire (La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland). This alloy, known as Martensite-Austenite Electropolish Flex, is the first NiTi alloy used in endodontics to combine the shape memory effect with superelasticity for use in clinical practice. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge and evidence regarding different XP-endo files and systems, XP-endo Finisher (XPEF), XP-endo Shaper (XPES), XP-endo Retreatment (XPER), XP-endo Rise (XPE-Rise), and XPE-Rise Retreatment (XPE-Rise-R), to help clinicians understand their different properties and recommended clinical uses.
Objective: We aimed to explore how specific cognitive processes, such as attention and executive functions, account for variance in decision-making measured by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Methods: Adults ( = 65, = 25.4) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participating in a clinical trial (registered at clinicaltrials.
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is an autoimmune condition which causes significant morbidity in children and young adults and is more severe in its presentation than adult-onset SLE. While many aspects of immune dysfunction have been studied extensively in adult-onset SLE, there is limited and contradictory evidence of how cytotoxic CD8+ T cells contribute to disease pathogenesis and studies exploring cytotoxicity in JSLE are virtually non-existent. Here, we report that CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity is reduced in JSLE versus healthy controls, irrespective of treatment or disease activity.
The gut microbiota emerged as a potential modulator of brain connectivity in health and disease. This systematic review details current evidence on the gut-brain axis and its influence on brain connectivity. The initial set of studies included 532 papers, updated to January 2024.
