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Applications of artificial intelligence in current pharmacy practice: A scoping review.
Res Social Adm Pharm
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science, has been of growing research interest since its introduction to healthcare disciplines in the 1970s. Research has demonstrated that the application of such technologies has allowed for greater task accuracy and efficiency in medical disciplines such as diagnostics, treatment protocols and clinical decision-making. Application in pharmacy practice is reportedly narrower in scope; with greater emphasis placed on stock management and day-to-day function optimisation than enhancing patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredicting complications in elderly patients undergoing oral cancer resection with free flap reconstruction in China: a retrospective cohort study using the modified Frailty Index and Prognostic Nutritional Index.
BMJ Open
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive abilities of the 5-item modified Frailty Index (5-mFI), Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI), and their combination in older adult patients undergoing oral cancer resection and free flap reconstruction.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: Secondary care involving multiple centres treating older adult patients for oral cancer.
Multiplex sample-sparing assay for detecting type-specific antibodies to Zika and dengue viruses: an assay development and validation study.
Lancet Microbe
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Serology for dengue viruses (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) has been hindered by antibody cross-reactivity, which limits the utility of these tests for surveillance and assessment of sero-status. Our aim was to develop a multiplexed IgG-based assay with increased accuracy to assess the history of previous DENV and ZIKV infections.
Methods: We developed and assessed the analytical performance of a sample-sparing, multiplexed, microsphere-based serological assay using domain III of the envelope protein (EDIII) of DENV serotypes 1-4 and ZIKV, the most variable region between each virus.
The compact line-focus X-ray tube for microbeam radiation therapy - Focal spot characterisation and collimator design.
Phys Med
December 2024
Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health and Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (FRM II), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany.
Purpose: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) has shown superior healthy tissue sparing at equal tumour control probabilities compared to conventional radiation therapy in many preclinical studies. The limitation to preclinical research arises from a lack of suitable radiation sources for clinical application of MRT due to high demands on beam quality. To overcome these limitations, we developed and built the first prototype of a line-focus X-ray tube (LFXT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of the Regulatory Review Process of the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority: Challenges and Opportunities.
Ther Innov Regul Sci
December 2024
University of Witwatersrand, 7 York road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2017, South Africa.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the current regulatory review process of the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA) by identifying the key milestones and target timelines achieved for products approved from 2020 to 2023, as well as good review and quality decision-making practices implemented in the review process.
Methods: A standardised, validated questionnaire; Optimising Efficiencies in Regulatory Agencies (OpERA) and the OpERA Data Collection Template were completed by the author.
Results: Three review models are used by ZAMRA to review new active substances (NASs) and generic products: verification, for products prequalified by the World Health Organization or approved by a stringent regulatory authority (SRA); abridged, for well-established molecules or SRA-approved products; or full, for products not otherwise prequalified.
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