Nano-scale lead dioxide (nPbO) is an industrial metal oxide nanoparticle that can be also formed as a corrosion by-product from chlorination of Pb-containing plumbing materials. nPbO governs release of toxic lead ion in drinking water and receiving organisms; however, its modes of toxic action regarding neurobehavioral toxicity remain unclear. This study evaluated the toxicity mechanism of nPbO (10 and 20 mg/L) versus its released Pb(II) (100 μg/L) in terms of aqueous chemistry, bioavailability and neurobehavioral toxicity to medaka fish in different water matrices. In very hard water (VHW), dissolved salts enhanced the aggregation and sedimentation of nPbO, resulting in higher bioavailability and altered locomotion of treated fish than those fish exposed to nPbO in soft water with humic acid (SW + HA). Transcriptomic results identified six differentially expressed genes with greater altered expression with nPbO than the control or Pb(II) exposure. With VHW exposure, nPbO caused greater altered expression of genes involved in cell adhesion (nlgn1 and epd), cell cytoskeleton (α1-tubulin), and relevant apoptosis (c-fos, birc5.1-a and casp3), as compared with SW + HA or Pb(II) exposure. This study provides novel molecular mechanistic insights into the neurobehavioral nanotoxicity using nPbO and medaka fish as surrogates, suggesting nPbO promotes neurobehavioral dysfunction, leading to adverse outcomes from gene alteration to the organismal level. The identified biomarkers responded specifically to the nPbO-induced neurotoxicity in different water matrices can be used for evaluating toxicity risks of small metal oxide particulates on human or aquatic life under environmentally relevant exposures.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159268 | DOI Listing |
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background: We investigated chitosan's protective effects against tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)-induced toxicity in adult male rats, focusing on cognitive functions and oxidative stress in the brain, liver, and kidneys.
Methods: Rats were divided into four groups (n = 8/group): (1) Control, (2) Chitosan only, (3) TBHQ only, and (4) Chitosan + TBHQ.
Results: TBHQ exposure led to significant cognitive impairments and increased oxidative stress, marked by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels.
Biol Trace Elem Res
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer of plastic that can leach into water from scratched containers when used for an extended period. Arsenic (As) is an environmental toxicant, and people are exposed to both arsenic and BPA through drinking water and through scratched plastic containers used in contaminated areas. However, the combined effects of As and BPA on locomotor performance and neurobehavioral changes are yet to be investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
January 2025
School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in daily life but they cause certain impacts on the environment due to their unique carbon-fluorine chemical bonds that are difficult to degrade in the environment. Toxicological studies on PFASs and their alternatives have mainly focused on vertebrates, while terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates have been studied to a lesser extent. As invertebrates at the bottom of the food chain play a crucial role in the whole ecological chain, it is necessary to investigate the toxicity of PFASs to invertebrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Microbes
December 2025
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is the key demethylase that reverses the abnormally altered N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in eukaryotic cells under environmental pollutants exposure. Arsenic is an environmental metalloid and can cause severe symptoms in human mainly through drinking water. However, there is no specific treatment for its toxic effects due to the uncovered mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Sci
January 2025
U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA.
6PPD-quinone (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone), a transformation product of the antiozonant 6PPD (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) is a likely causative agent of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) pre-spawn mortality. Stormwater runoff transports 6PPD-quinone into freshwater streams, rapidly leading to neurobehavioral, respiratory distress, and rapid mortality in laboratory exposed coho salmon, but causing no mortality in many laboratory-tested species. Given this identified hazard, and potential for environmental exposure, we evaluated a set of U.
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