Transcription factors (TFs) with the basic leucin zipper domain are key elements of the stress response pathways in filamentous fungi. In this study, we functionally characterized the two bZIP type TFs AtfA and AtfB by deletion () and overexpression (OE) of their encoding genes in all combination: OE, OE, OE, OE and OEOE in . Based on our previous studies, increased the sensitivity of the fungus to oxidative stress mediated by menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (BOOH), while was not sensitive to any oxidative stress generating agents, namely MSB, BOOH and diamide at all. Contrarily, the mutant was sensitive to NaCl, but tolerant to sorbitol. Overexpression of was able to compensate the MSB sensitivity of the mutant. Heavy metal stress elicited by CdCl reduced diameter of the OE and OEOE mutant colonies to about 50% of control colony, while the cell wall stress generating agent CongoRed increased the tolerance of the mutant. When we tested the heat stress sensitivity of the asexual spores (conidiospores) of the mutants, we found that conidiospores of OE and OE showed nearly 100% tolerance to heat stress. Asexual development was negatively affected by , while OE and OE coupled with increased the number of conidiospores of the fungus approximately 150% compared to the control. Overexpression of led to a 25% reduction in the number of conidiospores, but increased levels of mRNA and size of conidiospores. Sexual fruiting body (cleistothecium) formation was diminished in the and the mutants, while relatively elevated in the and the OE mutants. Production of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST) was decreased to undetectable levels in the mutant, yet ST production was restored in the mutant, suggesting that can suppress ST production defect caused by . Levels of ST were also significantly decreased in the OE, OE and OEOE mutants.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003709 | DOI Listing |
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