In the century since the discovery of insulin, diabetes has changed from an early death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. This change in longevity and duration of diabetes coupled with significant advances in therapeutic options for patients has fundamentally changed the landscape of diabetes management, particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, hypoglycemia remains a major barrier to achieving optimal glycemic control. Current understanding of the mechanisms of hypoglycemia has expanded to include not only counter-regulatory hormonal responses but also direct changes in brain glucose, fuel sensing, and utilization, as well as changes in neural networks that modulate behavior, mood, and cognition. Different strategies to prevent and treat hypoglycemia have been developed, including educational strategies, new insulin formulations, delivery devices, novel technologies, and pharmacologic targets. This review article will discuss current literature contributing to our understanding of the myriad of factors that lead to the development of clinically meaningful hypoglycemia and review established and novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14904 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Hypoglycemia and hospital mortality in critically ill patients.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
Prior research has indicated that adopting strict glycemic control measures might elevate the risk of hypoglycemia and result in higher mortality rates among critically ill patients. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the incidence of hypoglycemia and its consequential outcomes in real-world clinical settings. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, utilizing critical care databases covering the period from 2015 to 2020.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistribution-based sub-population selection (DSPS): A method for in-silico reproduction of clinical trials outcomes.
Comput Biol Med
January 2025
University of Virginia, Center for Diabetes Technology, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA. Electronic address:
Diabetes presents a significant challenge to healthcare due to the short- and long-term complications associated with poor blood sugar control. Computer simulation platforms have emerged as promising tools for advancing diabetes therapy by simulating patient responses to treatments in a virtual environment. The University of Virginia Virtual Lab (UVLab) is a new simulation platform engineered to mimic the metabolic behavior of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a mathematical model of glucose homeostasis in T2D and a large population of 6062 virtual subjects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynergistic effect of canine FGF-21 combined with insulin in the treatment of canine diabetes.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
Previous studies have shown that FGF-21 can ameliorate hyperglycemia and improve the level of oxidative stress in vivo in diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic effect is safe and lasting, but it takes a longer time to exert its effect. Insulin treatment of canine diabetes takes effect quickly; however, its action time is short, and it is prone to cause hypoglycemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal world efficacy and safety of the advanced hybrid closed-loop system MiniMed 780G (SmartGuard) in children under 7 years of age.
Front Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Medtronic 780G SmartGuard™ AID system in children under 7 years of age with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from children living with T1D under 7 years of age using the MiniMed 780G™ across three pediatric endocrinology units in the Canary Islands. Metabolic control parameters were analyzed from 14 days of pretreatment to 12 months of follow-up.
Towards a decision support system for post bariatric hypoglycaemia: development of forecasting algorithms in unrestricted daily-life conditions.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak
January 2025
Department of Information Engineering (DEI), University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6/B, Padua, 35131, Italy.
Background: Post bariatric hypoglycaemic (PBH) is a late complication of weight loss surgery, characterised by critically low blood glucose levels following meal-induced glycaemic excursions. The disabling consequences of PBH underline the need for the development of a decision support system (DSS) that can warn individuals about upcoming PBH events, thus enabling preventive actions to avoid impending episodes. In view of this, we developed various algorithms based on linear and deep learning models to forecast PBH episodes in the short-term.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!