AI Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preterm infants born before 29 weeks of gestational age.
- Researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 300 infants, finding a combined ASD incidence of 15.7% and identifying significant risk factors such as male sex, being small for gestational age, older maternal age, and maternal smoking during pregnancy.
- The findings highlight the need for ASD evaluations in infants born prematurely and suggest ongoing monitoring of developmental outcomes beyond 18 months of corrected age.
Article Abstract
Objective: This study was aimed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among preterm infants born <29 weeks' gestational age (GA).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of infants born <29 weeks' GA admitted to two tertiary neonatal intensive care units (2009 to 2017) and followed ≥18 months corrected age (CA) at a neonatal follow-up clinic. The primary outcome was ASD, diagnosed using standardized testing or provisional diagnosis at ≥18 months CA. Patient data and 18-month CA developmental outcomes were obtained from the local Canadian Neonatal Follow Up Network database and chart review. Stepwise logistic regression assessed factors associated with ASD.
Results: Among 300 eligible infants, 26 (8.7%) were diagnosed with confirmed and 21 (7.0%) with provisional ASD for a combined incidence of 15.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.7 to 20.3). The mean follow-up duration was 3.9 ± 1.4 years and the mean age of diagnosis was 3.7 ± 1.5 years. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.63, 95% CI 2.12 to 10.10), small for gestational age status (aOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 9.01), maternal age ≥35 years at delivery (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.57) and smoking during pregnancy (aOR 5.67, 95% CI 1.86 to 17.29) were significantly associated with ASD. Among ASD infants with a complete 18-month CA developmental assessment, 46% (19/41) had no neurodevelopmental impairment (Bayley-III<70, deafness, blindness, or cerebral palsy).
Conclusions: ASD is common among infants born <29 weeks' GA and possibly associated with identified risk factors. Such findings emphasize the importance of ASD evaluation among infants <29 weeks' GA and for continued reporting of developmental outcomes beyond 18-months of corrected age.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9528782 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxac065 | DOI Listing |
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