Rationale: Branchial cleft cysts are benign lesions that result from developmental defects arising from primitive branchial arches, cleft, and pouches. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is a mass forming lesion and its association with branchial cleft cyst is rare.

Patient Concerns: A 23-year-old male presented with a soft, partially mobile, nontender swelling on the left side of submandibular area. His main concern was removal of pathology.

Diagnosis: Computed tomography scan showed a well-circumscribed rounded cystic lesion suggestive of 2 branchial cleft cyst, which was histopathologically confirmed as branchial cleft cyst with XGI.

Treatment: Complete surgical excision was done under general anaesthesia and the lesion was removed in toto.

Outcomes: Patient's postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged from the hospital on the 4 postoperative day.

Take-away Lessons: Diagnosis of branchial anomalies should always be considered while dealing with lateral neck swellings and XGI associated with branchial cleft cyst should be carefully investigated and treated.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9527843PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ams.ams_225_21DOI Listing

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