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Estrogen, progestin, and beyond: thrombotic risk and contraceptive choices.
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program
December 2024
Division of Hematology and Thromboembolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Hormonal contraceptive therapy (estrogens and/or progestogens) includes different formulations associated with varying venous thromboembolism (VTE) risks. The thrombogenicity of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) is due at least in part to multiple changes in clotting factors and the vasculature and is dependent on both estrogen dose and type of progestin. Transdermal patch and vaginal ring users have similar or higher VTE risk as combined oral contraceptive users.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term cognitive effects of menopausal hormone therapy: Findings from the KEEPS Continuation Study.
PLoS Med
November 2024
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.
Background: Findings from Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS)-Cog trial suggested no cognitive benefit or harm after 48 months of menopausal hormone therapy (mHT) initiated within 3 years of final menstrual period. To clarify the long-term effects of mHT initiated in early postmenopause, the observational KEEPS Continuation Study reevaluated cognition, mood, and neuroimaging effects in participants enrolled in the KEEPS-Cog and its parent study the KEEPS approximately 10 years after trial completion. We hypothesized that women randomized to transdermal estradiol (tE2) during early postmenopause would show cognitive benefits, while oral conjugated equine estrogens (oCEE) would show no effect, compared to placebo over the 10 years following randomization in the KEEPS trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of mifepristone, a model compound with anti-progestogenic activity, on the reproduction of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis).
J Hazard Mater
December 2024
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
This is the first study on how a substance with anti-progestogenic activity affects amphibian reproduction. Mifepristone, a synthetic anti-progestin used in abortion pills, was chosen as model compound. African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) females were exposed to four mifepristone concentrations (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of separate and combined estradiol and progesterone administration on fear extinction in healthy pre-menopausal women.
Transl Psychiatry
October 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Altered fear conditioning and extinction learning are discussed as key etiological features in anxiety disorders. Women have an increased risk for anxiety disorders and fear conditioning has been shown to be influenced by the menstrual cycle phase and circulating gonadal hormones. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of separate and combined estradiol and progesterone administration on fear extinction in healthy women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLower reporting of venous thromboembolisms events with natural estrogen-based combined oral contraceptives compared to ethinylestradiol-containing pills: A disproportionality analysis of the Eudravigilance database.
Contraception
October 2024
Qualiblood sa, QUALIresearch, Namur, Belgium; University of Namur, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Namur, Belgium; Department of Biological Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address:
Objectives: Pharmacovigilance data analysis can accelerate the identification of drug-related safety signals or reassure on the safety profile. This study evaluates the venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk of newer combined oral contraceptive (COC) formulations with natural estrogens, such as estradiol (E2) and estetrol (E4), using data from the EudraVigilance database.
Study Design: We conducted a disproportionality reporting rate analysis of VTE events associated with various COC formulations by extracting individual case reports from EudraVigilance database up to July 28, 2024.
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