Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Gabapentin, 1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid, MW 171.240, is a frequently prescribed high dose human medication that is also used recreationally. Gabapentin is orally absorbed; the dose can be 3,000 mg/day and it is excreted essentially unchanged in urine. Gabapentin is stable in the environment and routinely detected in urban wastewater. Gabapentin randomly transfers from humans to racing horses and is at times detected at pharmacologically ineffective / trace level concentrations in equine plasma and urine. In Ohio racing between January 2019 and July 2020,18 Gabapentin identifications, all less than 2 ng/ml in plasma, were reported. These identifications were ongoing because the horsemen involved were unable to pin down and therefore avoid the source of these identifications. Given that 44 ng/ml or less is an Irrelevant Plasma Concentration (IPC) of Gabapentin in horses, we proposed a 5 ng/ml plasma interim Screening Limit of Detection for Gabapentin identifications in Ohio racing, and an essentially similar 8 ng/ml plasma Screening Limit of Detection was suggested by a scientific advisor to the Ohio Horse Racing Commission. As such, an analytical Screening Limit of 8 ng /ml in plasma is an appropriate and pharmacologically conservative analytical "cut-off" or Screening Limit of Detection (SLOD) for Gabapentin in equine competitive events to avoid the calling of "positive" identifications on random unavoidable trace level identifications of this widely prescribed human therapeutic medication in equine forensic samples.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9531455 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13620-022-00226-5 | DOI Listing |
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