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Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may be related to the occurrence of complications, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and infections. The pathogenesis of acute GvHD is connected with T lymphocytes, which identify alloantigens on host's antigen-presenting cells, activate production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and act on the immune effector cells and damage tissues and organs.
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate and distinguish serum concentration profiles of IFN-gamma and IL-2 within a 30-d period after allo-HSCT.
Methods: We enrolled 62 patients, , 30 (48%) male and 32 (52%) female subjects [median age 49.5 (19-68) years], after allo-HSCT from siblings ( = 12) or unrelated donors ( = 50) due to acute myeloid leukemia with myeloablative conditioning ( = 26; 42%) and with non-myeloablative conditioning ( = 36; 58%). All patients were given standard immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin-A and methotrexate and pre-transplant antithymocyte globulin in the unrelated setting. Blood samples were collected pre-transplant before and after (on day -1) the conditioning therapy and on days +2,+4, +6, +10, +20, and +30 after allo-HSCT. Serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were determined using ELISA.
Results: Patients were divided into four groups depending on the presence of acute GvHD and clinical manifestations of infection. Group I included patients with neither acute GvHD nor infections [ = 15 (24%)], group II consisted of patients with infections without acute GvHD [ = 17 (27%)], group III was comprised of patients with acute GvHD without infections [ = 9 (15%)], and group IV included patients with both acute GvHD and infections [ = 21 (34%)]. IFN-gamma concentrations were higher in Group II than in other groups on days +20 ( = 0.014) and +30 ( = 0.008). Post-hoc tests showed lower concentrations of IFN-gamma on day +30 in groups I ( = 0.039) and IV ( = 0.017) compared to group II. The levels of IL-2 were mostly undetectable.
Conclusion: Serum levels of IFN-gamma following allo-HSCT progressively escalate. High serum levels of IFN-gamma are related to infectious complications rather than acute GvHD. Serum concentrations of IL-2 in most patients are undetectable.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9521416 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v13.i4.72 | DOI Listing |
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