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Müller cells play an essential role in maintaining the health of retinal photoreceptors. Dysfunction of stressed Müller cells often results in photoreceptor degeneration. However, how these cells communicate under stress and the signalling pathways involved remain unclear. In this study, we inhibited the MAPK (ERK1/2) signalling, mainly activated in Müller cells, evaluated the protective effects on the photoreceptors and further explored the signalling communication between stressed Müller cells and degenerating photoreceptors. We evaluated the changes of MAPK (ERK1/2) signalling and its downstream targets in human retinal explants treated with PD98059, a specific phosphorylated ERK1/2 inhibitor, by western blot and immunostaining. We further assessed photoreceptor degeneration by TUNEL staining and outer nuclear layer thickness. We also injected PD98059 into the eyes of mice exposed to photo-oxidative stress. We evaluated the protective effects on photoreceptor degeneration by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG). The crosstalk between Müller cells and photoreceptors was further dissected based on the changes of transcription factors by RNA sequencing and protein profiles of multiple signalling pathways. We found that MAPK (ERK1/2) signalling was mainly activated in Müller cells under stress, both and . PD98059 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, reduced expression of the gliotic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in Müller cells and increased levels of the neuroprotective factor, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) in photoreceptors. Inhibition of pERK1/2 also reduced retinal photo-oxidative damage in mice retinas assessed by OCT and ERG. We also identified that the JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway might mediate signalling transduction from Müller cells to photoreceptors. MAPK (ERK1/2) deactivation through chemical inhibition, mainly in stressed Müller cells, can alleviate gliosis in Müller cells and restore the expression of IRBP in photoreceptors, which appears to prevent retinal degeneration. Our findings suggested a new way to prevent photoreceptor degeneration by manipulating the stress response in Müller cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.71038 | DOI Listing |
Arch Med Res
July 2019
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Chronic inflammatory liver disease with an acute deterioration of liver function is named acute-on-chronic inflammation and could be regulated by the metabolic impairments related to the liver dysfunction. In this way, the experimental cholestasis model is excellent for studying metabolism in both types of inflammatory responses. Along the evolution of this model, the rats develop biliary fibrosis and an acute-on-chronic decompensation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
June 2019
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver disease, either acute or chronic. Consequently, in chronic liver disease, such as the hypertensive mesenteric venous pathology, the coexisting inflammatory response is classically characterized by the splanchnic blood circulation. However, a vascular lymphatic pathology is produced simultaneously with the splanchnic arterio-venous impairments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol
October 2019
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Introduction: Splanchnic mast cells increase in chronic liver and in acute-on-chronic liver diseases. We administered Ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer, and measured the mast cells in the splanchnic organs of cholestatic rats.
Material And Methods: These groups were studied: sham-operated rats (S; n = 15), untreated microsurgical cholestasic rats (C; n = 20) and rats treated with Ketotifen: early (SK-e; n = 20 and CKe; n = 18), and late (SK-l; n = 15 and CK-l; n = 14).
Inflamm Res
February 2019
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Background: In mammals, inflammation is required for wound repair and tumorigenesis. However, the events that lead to inflammation, particularly in non-healing wounds and cancer, are only partly understood.
Findings: Mast cells, due to their great plasticity, could orchestrate the inflammatory responses inducing the expression of extraembryonic programs of normal and pathological tissue formation.
Inflamm Res
February 2018
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
The inflammatory response expressed after wound healing would be the recapitulation of systemic extra-embryonic functions, which would focus on the interstitium of the injured tissue. In the injured tissue, mast cells, provided for a great functional heterogeneity, could play the leading role in the re-expression of extra-embryonic functions, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!