AI Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the branching patterns of the tibial nerve's muscular branches in the popliteal fossa, aiming to explain the patterns that have been inconsistently described in textbooks.
- - Researchers examined the tibial nerve branches in 62 lower limbs from adult cadavers, finding consistent origins for the branches to different calf muscles such as the gastrocnemius and soleus.
- - The study proposes a new categorization of these branches into posterior and anterior groups, enhancing the understanding of the development of skeletal muscles in the leg's flexor compartment.
Article Abstract
Background: The muscular branches of the tibial nerve within the popliteal fossa innervate the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, and popliteus muscles. Various branching patterns have been described in textbooks; however, the underlying fundamental rules explaining the patterns remain unclear. Understanding the fundamental rule explaining the branching pattern of the innervating nerves is essential for understanding the ontogeny of skeletal muscles. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing a theory to explain the branching pattern of the muscular branches of the tibial nerve within the popliteal fossa.
Methods: The branching patterns of the muscular branches of the tibial nerve within the popliteal fossa were examined macroscopically in 62 lower limbs derived from 31 adult cadavers (22 males and 9 females, aged 49-95 years).
Results: The branch to the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle invariably arose from the posteromedial side of the tibial nerve. The branches to the soleus muscle and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle had a common trunk in all the lower limbs and invariably arose from the posterolateral side. The branches to the plantaris and popliteus muscles arose anteriorly from the tibial nerve in this order (plantaris branch first, followed by the popliteus branch). These branches invariably arose more distally than the branch to both the heads of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.
Conclusions: Based on these fundamental branching patterns, we suggest a novel branching categorization. The branches could be categorized into a posterior group and an anterior group, which has independent branches to the plantaris and popliteus muscles. This fundamental branching pattern and novel categorization contribute to the understanding of the ontogeny of the skeletal muscles around the flexor compartment of the leg.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151997 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Elevated circulating homocysteine concentrations delayed nerve conduction velocity and increase the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Introduction: China has the largest population of individuals with diabetes, and the prevalence of various complications among patients with type 2 diabetes remains high. Diabetic nephropathy affects approximately 20% to 40% of diabetic patients, becoming a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Furthermore, around 50% of patients develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which is closely associated with physical disability, increased healthcare costs, and reduced work productivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcupuncture at Weizhong (BL40) attenuates acetic acid-induced overactive bladder in rats by regulating brain neural activity through the modulation of mast cells and tibial nerves.
J Integr Med
December 2024
Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China. Electronic address:
Objective: The present study evaluated the effects of deep acupuncture at Weizhong acupoint (BL40) on bladder function and brain activity in a rat model of overactive bladder (OAB), and investigated the possible mechanisms around the acupuncture area that initiate the effects of acupuncture.
Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, comprising a control group, model group, group treated with deep acupuncture at BL40, group treated with shallow acupuncture at BL40, group treated with acupuncture at non-acupoint next to BL40, and group treated with acupuncture at Xuanzhong (GB39). Urodynamic evaluation was used to observe the urination, and functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to observe the brain activation.
Spectrum disorder of RFC1 expansions/CANVAS: Clinical and electrophysiological characterization of a group of 31 patients.
Clin Neurophysiol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
Introduction/objective: Biallelic expansion of the pentanucleotide AAGGG in the RFC1- gene is associated with cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). This study aimed to comprehensively characterise this condition by conducting an in-depth neurophysiological examination of afflicted patients.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 31 RFC1-positive patients.
Repair of Acute Grade-3 Combined Posterolateral Corner Avulsion Injuries Using a Transosseous Krackow Suture Pull-Through Technique.
JBJS Essent Surg Tech
December 2024
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Background: For complete disruption of the posterolateral corner (PLC) structures, operative treatment is most commonly advocated, as nonoperative treatment has higher rates of persistent lateral laxity and posttraumatic arthritis. Some studies have shown that acute direct repair results in revision rates upwards of 37% to 40% compared with 6% to 9% for initial reconstruction. In a recent study assessing the outcomes of acute repair of PLC avulsion injuries with 2 to 7 years of follow-up, patients with adequate tissue were shown to have a much lower failure rate than previously documented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofeedback Therapy in Managing Functional Fecal Incontinence in Children: A Literature Review.
Cureus
November 2024
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, PRT.
This literature review explores the role of biofeedback therapy (BFT) in managing functional fecal incontinence (FFI) in children - a common condition with a substantial impact on the quality of life. FFI diagnosis relies primarily on medical history and thorough physical examination and is categorized by the Rome IV criteria into functional constipation (FC) and functional nonretentive fecal incontinence (FNRFI). Treatment options for FFI remain limited, particularly for FNRFI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!