AI Article Synopsis
- TGF-β signaling plays a dual role in cancer, initially identified as a suppressor but increasingly shown to promote tumor growth, particularly within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
- Both cancer and stromal cells produce TGF-β, creating a complex signaling network that influences cancer progression in unexpected ways, revealing both anti-cancer and pro-tumoral effects when disrupted.
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signaling is crucial for developing targeted cancer treatments that can differentiate between its beneficial and harmful effects.
Article Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling shows important roles in both physiology and pathology, especially in the progression of inflammatory diseases including cancer. Interestingly, TGF-β was first reported as a cancer suppressor, but increasing evidence confirmed its protumoral actions. Paradoxically, TGF-β can be produced by both cancer cells and stromal cells as a signaling network, which actively shapes the tumor microenvironment (TME). Surprisingly, disruption of TGF-β signaling results in both anti-cancer and pro-tumoral phenotypes in experimental cancer models, revealing the unexpected complexity of its downstream pathways for mediating cancer progression. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of TGF-β signaling at the molecular level can bring new insights for developing medications that can precisely separate the anti-cancer actions from the tumor-promoting outcomes. Here, we systematically summarized the latest discoveries of TGF-β signaling in cancer cells and the TME and discussed their translational implications for cancer.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925 | DOI Listing |
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