AI Article Synopsis
- Immunotherapy aims to treat tumors using the body's immune system, with recent advancements focusing on colorectal cancer (CRC) and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve diagnosis and treatment.
- The status of microsatellite instability (MSI) plays a crucial role in patient management and immune response, with AI being used to predict MSI status from digital images of tissue samples.
- The paper reviews the current literature on AI in predicting MSI and tumor mutations, discusses various biomarkers, and highlights future research directions to enhance immunotherapy outcomes for CRC patients.
Article Abstract
Immunotherapy deals with therapeutic interventions to arrest the progression of tumours using the immune system. These include checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell manipulation, cytokines, oncolytic viruses and tumour vaccines. In this paper, we present a survey of the latest developments on immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. Among these, microsatellite instability (MSI) is perhaps the most popular IO biomarker globally. We first discuss the MSI status of tumours, its implications for patient management, and its relationship to immune response. In recent years, several aspiring studies have used AI to predict the MSI status of patients from digital whole-slide images (WSIs) of routine diagnostic slides. We present a survey of AI literature on the prediction of MSI and tumour mutation burden from digitised WSIs of haematoxylin and eosin-stained diagnostic slides. We discuss AI approaches in detail and elaborate their contributions, limitations and key takeaways to drive future research. We further expand this survey to other IO-related biomarkers like immune cell infiltrates and alternate data modalities like immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Finally, we underline possible future directions in immunotherapy for CRC and promise of AI to accelerate this exploration for patient benefits.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-022-01986-1 | DOI Listing |
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9814831 | PMC |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Impact of shock index (SI), modified SI, and age-derivative indices on acute heart failure prognosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS One
December 2024
Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Background: Heart failure (HF) is still associated with quite considerable mortality rates and usage of simple tools for prognosis is pivotal. We aimed to evaluate the effect of shock index (SI) and its derivatives (age SI (ASI), modified SI (MSI), and age MSI (AMSI)) on acute HF (AHF) clinical outcomes.
Methods: PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of science databases were screened with no time and language limitations till February 2024.
Diagnostic Challenges due to a Germline Missense MSH2 Variant in a Patient With Immunotherapy-Responsive Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma.
Cancer Rep (Hoboken)
December 2024
Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Background: Rapid and accurate identification of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and Lynch syndrome is critical in the prognostication and clinical management of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
Case Description: We describe here a young woman who developed a locally aggressive rectal adenocarcinoma with intact MMR protein expression by immunohistochemistry and absence of histologic evidence of MMR deficiency-associated increased tumoral immune response. Germline DNA-targeted sequencing identified MSH2 variant p.
A multispectral camera in the VIS-NIR equipped with thermal imaging and environmental sensors for non invasive analysis in precision agriculture.
HardwareX
December 2024
Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy.
Multispectral imaging (MSI) is a technique used to inspect materials properties in different domains, ranging from industrial to medical and cultural heritage and, recently, precision agriculture. Even though several MSI solutions are already commercially available, the research community is working to optimize multispectral cameras in terms of performance and cost. Systems for the agricultural field are usually very compact, combined with drones for large areas acquisition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer: Assessment of IHC, Fragment Length Analysis, and Amplicon Sequencing Based MSI Testing.
Cancers (Basel)
November 2024
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency can be indicative of Lynch syndrome (LS) and guide treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) and endometrial cancers (ECs) are routinely screened to identify LS, primarily using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or microsatellite instability (MSI) testing, but concordance between these methods is variable in ECs. Here, we investigate this variability in 361 ECs from the Ohio OCCPI/OPTEC ( = 196) and Manchester PETALS ( = 165) trials, where concordance between assays differed significantly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrognostic and Predictive Determinants of Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.
Cancers (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden, necessitating a thorough understanding of prognostic and predictive factors to enhance patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate prognostic and predictive determinants in CRC, encompassing both traditional and emerging biomarkers. A systematic search of major electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published from 1995 up to 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!