Human populations have been shaped by catastrophes that may have left long-lasting signatures in their genomes. One notable example is the second plague pandemic that entered Europe in ca. 1,347 CE and repeatedly returned for over 300 years, with typical village and town mortality estimated at 10%-40%. It is assumed that this high mortality affected the gene pools of these populations. First, local population crashes reduced genetic diversity. Second, a change in frequency is expected for sequence variants that may have affected survival or susceptibility to the etiologic agent (Yersinia pestis). Third, mass mortality might alter the local gene pools through its impact on subsequent migration patterns. We explored these factors using the Norwegian city of Trondheim as a model, by sequencing 54 genomes spanning three time periods: (1) prior to the plague striking Trondheim in 1,349 CE, (2) the 17-19 century, and (3) the present. We find that the pandemic period shaped the gene pool by reducing long distance immigration, in particular from the British Isles, and inducing a bottleneck that reduced genetic diversity. Although we also observe an excess of large F values at multiple loci in the genome, these are shaped by reference biases introduced by mapping our relatively low genome coverage degraded DNA to the reference genome. This implies that attempts to detect selection using ancient DNA (aDNA) datasets that vary by read length and depth of sequencing coverage may be particularly challenging until methods have been developed to account for the impact of differential reference bias on test statistics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.023 | DOI Listing |
J Hist Med Allied Sci
December 2024
University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
Whether referring to oceanic travel on board of ships or to movement in terra firma, framings of the "migratory rat" formed a key epidemiological component of approaches to the Third Plague Pandemic (1894-1959) as the first pandemic to be understood as caused by a zoonotic disease. In this article, I examine the emergence and development of scientific framings of the migratory rat in the first, explosive years of the third plague pandemic in India (1896-1899). Examining publications and archival sources, I ask how this animal figure came to inform and transform epidemiological reasoning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis the perilous pandemics that occurred in Asia and Europe. The bacterium has shown drug resistance that can cause the future pandemic and destroy the drug treatment against plague. As known, effective therapeutics such as designing potent vaccine that can aid world to protect against plague.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransplant Proc
December 2024
National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Quezon City, Philippines; The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines.
End-stage liver disease is arguably one of the leading burdensome diseases among developing countries such as the Philippines. Although liver transplantation is considered the treatment of choice for decompensated cirrhosis, the establishment of a robust transplant program locally has been protracted as numerous obstacles continue to plague our transplant landscape. Issues on cost, options of having the transplant done overseas, and low rates of deceased donation are some of the difficulties that hamper our program's progress and development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHist Philos Life Sci
November 2024
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-Argentina)/CCTS-UMAI-UNLa, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
In 1899, the first cases of plague were recognised in Paraguay and a few months later in Buenos Aires as part of the third plague pandemic. In the first decades of the twentieth century, plague slowly advanced towards the Argentinian hinterland. In this paper we focus on the production of scientific knowledge about plague in Argentina, where a core of bacteriologists emerged early on.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Nurs
November 2024
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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