AI Article Synopsis
- - The study systematically reviewed 7 articles to assess how lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic affected myopia (nearsightedness) in children and young adults aged 6 to 17, revealing a significant increase in myopic shifts compared to pre-COVID times.
- - Results indicated that during the pandemic, participants experienced faster progression of myopia and a higher incidence of myopia, with decreased outdoor time and increased screen time being common lifestyle changes noted in most studies.
- - The findings suggest a potential link between COVID-19 restrictions, reduced outdoor activity, and worsened myopia outcomes, highlighting the need for further research on the long-term impacts of these lifestyle changes on eye health.
Article Abstract
Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related lifestyle on myopia outcomes in children to young adults.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases (with manual searching of reference lists of reviews). Studies included assessed changes in myopia-related outcomes (cycloplegic refraction) during COVID and pre-COVID. Of 367 articles identified, 7 (6 prospective cohorts; 1 repeated cross-sectional study) comprising 6327 participants aged 6 to 17 were included. Quality appraisals were performed with Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Pooled differences in annualized myopic shifts or mean spherical equivalent (SE) during COVID and pre-COVID were obtained from random-effects models.
Results: In all 7 studies, SE moved toward a myopic direction during COVID (vs pre-COVID), where 5 reported significantly faster myopic shifts [difference in means of changes: -1.20 to -0.35 diopters per year, [D/y]; pooled estimate: -0.73 D/y; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.96, -0.50; P<0.001], and 2 reported significantly more myopic SE (difference in means: -0.72 to -0.44 D/y; pooled estimate: -0.54 D/y; 95% CI: -0.80, -0.28; P<0.001). Three studies reported higher myopia (SE ≤-0.50 D) incidence (2.0- to 2.6-fold increase) during COVID versus pre-COVID. Of studies assessing lifestyle changes, all 4 reported lower time outdoors (pre-COVID vs during COVID: 1.1-1.8 vs 0.4-1.0 hours per day, [h/d]), and 3 reported higher screen time (pre-COVID vs during COVID: 0.7-2.8 vs 2.4-6.9 h/d).
Conclusions: This review suggests more myopic SE shifts during COVID (vs pre-COVID) in participants aged 6 to 17. COVID-19 restrictions may have worsened SE shifts, and lifting of restrictions may lessen this effect. Evaluations of the long-term effects of the pandemic lifestyle on myopia onset and progression in large studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/APO.0000000000000559 | DOI Listing |
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