AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates how two cytokines, IFNγ and IL-10, influence inflammation and immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques.
  • Blocking IFNγ reduced lung inflammation without significantly affecting immune cell types, whereas blocking IL-10 increased lung inflammation and the presence of virus-specific T cells but hampered their development into specialized cells.
  • Overall, neither cytokine blockade significantly altered the viral load, indicating that these inflammatory pathways play a minimal role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 replication, though IL-10 is important for regulating T cell responses in the lungs.

Article Abstract

The pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that determine the balance of inflammation and viral control during SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here we examine the roles of IFNγ and IL-10 in regulating inflammation, immune cell responses and viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rhesus macaques. IFNγ blockade tended to decrease lung inflammation based on FDG-PET/CT imaging but had no major impact on innate lymphocytes, neutralizing antibodies, or antigen-specific T cells. In contrast, IL-10 blockade transiently increased lung inflammation and enhanced accumulation of virus-specific T cells in the lower airways. However, IL-10 blockade also inhibited the differentiation of virus-specific T cells into airway CD69 CD103 T cells. While virus-specific T cells were undetectable in the nasal mucosa of all groups, IL-10 blockade similarly reduced the frequency of total T cells in the nasal mucosa. Neither cytokine blockade substantially affected viral load and infection ultimately resolved. Thus, in the macaque model of mild COVID-19, the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of IFNγ and IL-10 have no major role in control of viral replication. However, IL-10 has a key role in suppressing the accumulation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the lower airways, while also promoting T at respiratory mucosal surfaces.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516850PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.13.507852DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

sars-cov-2 infection
12
il-10 blockade
12
virus-specific cells
12
infection rhesus
8
rhesus macaques
8
pro- anti-inflammatory
8
ifnγ il-10
8
viral replication
8
lung inflammation
8
cells lower
8

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!