The brake system is one of the most important systems on the vehicle, especially from the aspect of traffic safety. The use of the braking system comes with many undesirable effects, such as brake wear and noise emission. The noise that originates from brakes is related to the wear of brake elements, the applied materials for manufacture, to the elements which are connected to each other, and all of this represents a very challengeable problem in the automotive industry. In this paper are presented the dominant parameters that influence noise formation, where the main focus was placed on brake pads, as well as how the noise influences people's health. After that, further, in the paper, it was analyzed the influence of the brake pads' construction on the noise formation, and at the end are given the measures for noise reduction. The conclusions of the paper show that the construction of brake pads significantly influences noise emission, noise negatively influences on the people health, and because of the negative influence on the people health, some solutions show that it is necessary to include insulators in the construction of brake pads, and if the space in which people reside is observed, it is necessary during construction to use materials which will prevent noise conduction, into the space in which people reside.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23291-3 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
BioResource Research Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1, Koyadai, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan.
Omics data provide a plethora of quantifiable information that can potentially be used to identify biomarkers targeting the physiological processes and ecological phenomena of organisms. However, omics data have not been fully utilized because current prediction methods in biomarker construction are susceptible to data multidimensionality and noise. We developed OmicSense, a quantitative prediction method that uses a mixture of Gaussian distributions as the probability distribution, yielding the most likely objective variable predicted for each biomarker.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have risen exponentially in usage and have been shown to exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects across multiple organ systems. This study investigates whether GLP-1RAs influence the risk for age-related ocular diseases.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
(1) : Targeted alpha therapy is an emerging field in nuclear medicine driven by two advantages: overcoming resistance in cancer-suffering patients to beta therapies and the practical application of lower activities of Pb- and Ac-labelled peptides to achieve the same doses compared to beta therapy due to the highly cytotoxic nature of alpha particles. However, quality control of the Pb/Ac-radiopharmaceuticals remains a challenge due to the low activity levels used for therapy (100 kBq/kg) and the formation of several free daughter nuclides immediately after the formulation of patient doses; (2) : The routine alpha detection on thin-layer chromatograms (TLC) of Pb- and Ac-labelled peptides using a MiniScanPRO+ scanner combined with an alpha detector head was compared with detection using an AR-2000 scanner equipped with an open proportional counter tube. Measurement time, resolution and validity were compared for both scanners; (3) : For Ac, the quality control values of the radiochemical purity (RCP) were within the acceptance criteria 2 h after TLC development, regardless of when the TLC probe was taken.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
Phenotypic variability in isogenic bacterial populations is a remarkable feature that helps them cope with external stresses, yet it is incompletely understood. This variability can stem from gene expression noise and/or the unequal partitioning of low-copy-number freely diffusing proteins during cell division. Some high-copy-number components are transiently associated with almost immobile large assemblies (hyperstructures) and may be unequally distributed, contributing to bacterial phenotypic variability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
The sense of hearing originates in the cochlea, which detects sounds across dynamic sensory environments. Like other peripheral organs, the cochlea is subjected to environmental insults, including loud, damage-inducing sounds. In response to internal and external stimuli, the central nervous system directly modulates cochlear function through olivocochlear neurons (OCNs), which are located in the brainstem and innervate the cochlear sensory epithelium.
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