Utilizing educational technology in enhancing undergraduate nursing students' engagement and motivation: A scoping review.

Background: Modern educational technology (Edtech) combines technological tools with educational theories. Over the years, Edtech has been adopted in nursing education to address student needs and expectations, institutional resources, community stakeholder expectations, and healthcare trends. However, regardless of the technologies used, keeping students engaged in learning is still challenging. As intrinsic motivation is significantly related to academic achievement, ensuring student engagement and motivation for learning becomes crucial.

Aims: This scoping review aims to explore the types and features of modern Edtech that have impacted on undergraduate nursing students' engagement and motivation.

Design: This scoping review is based on the five-stage approach following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, and the Engagement theory framework for technology-based teaching and learning.

Methods: A systemic search was conducted across 10 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Web of Science, Cochrane, Engineering Village, and IEEE Explore). The titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened and reviewed based on the inclusion criteria of undergraduate nursing students, using innovative Edtech, and outcomes of engagement and motivation. Studies published in non-peer reviewed journals, or not in English were excluded. Study characteristics were summarized and quantified. Descriptions of educational technology characteristics from selected studies were coded and categorized as follows: "Facilitating collaboration", "Stimulating problem-solving", and "Pursuing authentic focus".

Results: Majority of the studies utilised gamification over other types of Edtech such as virtual reality or smart glasses, successfully engaging and motivating students through the features of collaboration, competition, and challenge. Despite the high technology aspect of the interventions used, the human presence as an authentic focus was perceived to be important in engaging students in learning experience. Moreover, attaining meaningful achievements also improves engagement and motivation.

Conclusions: Edtech can promote positive engagement and motivation of undergraduate nursing students. Educators should emphasize an authentic focus in students' learning experience with Edtech.