Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Method Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) to Increase Curcuminoid Yield from L., , and Val.

This study aims to optimize ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) based extraction from . Choline chloride-lactic acid (CCLA-HO = 1:1, b/v) was used to investigate the impact of various process parameters such as solvent's water content, solid loading, temperature, and extraction time. The optimal yield of 79.635 mg/g of was achieved from extraction in 20% water content NADES with a 4% solid loading in 35 °C temperature for 1 h. Peleg's model was used to describe the kinetics of the optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method, and the results were found to be compatible with experimental data. The optimum conditions obtained from extraction were then used for the extraction of and , which give yields of 2.056 and 31.322 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, n-hexane was utilized as an anti-solvent in the separation process of curcuminoids extract from , , and , which gave curcuminoid recovery of 39%, 0.74%, and 27%, respectively. Solidification of curcuminoids was also carried out using the crystallization method with n-hexane and isopropanol. However, the solution of CCLA and curcuminoids formed a homogeneous mixture with isopropanol. Hence, the curcuminoids could not be solidified due to the presence of NADES in the extract solution.