Terpenoids from the Seeds of and Their Ability to Attenuate High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells.

(A. Juss.) Roem is an edible medicinal plant that belongs to the genus within the Meliaceae family. It has been confirmed to display a wide variety of biological activities. During our continuous search for active constituents from the seeds of , two new acyclic diterpenoids (-), together with five known limonoid-type triterpenoids (-), five known apotirucallane-type triterpenoids (-), and three known cycloartane-type triterpenoids (-), were isolated and characterized. Their structures were identified based on extensive spectroscopic experiments, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HR-ESI-MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD), as well as the comparison with those reported in the literature. We compared these findings to those reported in the literature. Compounds , , and - were isolated from the genus , and compounds and were obtained from for the first time. The antidiabetic nephropathy effects of isolated compounds against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were assessed in vitro. The results showed that new compounds and could significantly increase the levels of Nrf-2/HO-1 and reduce the levels of NF-κB, TNF-, and IL-6 at concentrations of 30 μM. These results suggest that compounds and might prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and facilitate the research and development of new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs suitable for the prevention and treatment of DN.