Acaricidal Activity and Field Efficacy Analysis of the Potential Biocontrol Agent NBIF-001 against Spider Mites.

In recent years, spider mites have caused considerable economic losses to global agriculture. However, currently available management strategies are limited because of the rapid development of resistance. In this study, NBIF-001 was isolated and evaluated for its acaricidal activity. NBIF-001 exhibited a significant lethal effect on spider mites within 48 h. The median lethal concentration (LC) of the culture powders (3.2 × 10 CFU/g) was 50.2 µg/mL for (red form), 18.0 µg/mL for (green form), and 15.7 µg/mL for (McGregor). Cultivation optimisation experiments showed that when the number of spores increased, fermentation toxicity also increased. Moreover, field experiments demonstrated that NBIF-001 performed well in the biocontrol of , which showed a similar corrected field efficacy with the chemical control (67.1 ± 7.9% and 71.1 ± 6.4% after 14 days). Genomics analysis showed that NBIF-001 contains 231 factors and seven gene clusters of metabolites that may be involved in its acaricidal activity. Further bioassays of the fermentation supernatants showed that 50× dilution treatments killed 72.5 ± 5.4% of the mites in 48 h, which was similar with those of the broth. Bioassays of the supernatant proteins confirmed that various proteins exhibited acaricidal activity. Five candidate proteins were expressed and purified successfully. The bioassays showed that the small protein BVP8 exhibited significant acaricidal activity with an LC of 12.4 μg/mL (). Overall, these findings suggest that NBIF-001 is a potential biocontrol agent for spider mite management.